Experience of Dementia-related Anxiety in Middle-aged Female Caregivers for Family Members with Dementia: A Phenomenological Study

PURPOSE: In Korea, most elderly with dementia receive care from family members, yet little research is available on the experience of dementia-related anxiety in middle-aged female caregivers for a family member with dementia. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of dementia-related anxiety in middle-aged female caregivers for family members with dementia. METHODS: A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted. A purposive sampling strategy was used to recruit participants. Twelve middle-aged women (40-59 years, mean age = 51.90 years) who were family caregivers were interviewed from February 2014 to August 2014. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed using Giorgi's method. RESULTS: The essential structure of the phenomenon was a fear of losing self-identity. The main essence was represented by six components: keenly feeling the effects of aging because of memory deficit, continuous comparison of the family member's behavior with that of the participant's, Finding it painful to see a family member with dementia as he/she does not know how this will end, not knowing the conclusion of the disease process, reducing the risk of dementia, and trying to change one's lifestyle from what it used to be in the past. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides the essential structure of the experience on dementia-related anxiety that caregivers of a family member with dementia have. The findings could help healthcare providers and researchers have better understanding of dementia-related anxiety and give more attention to the caregivers to relieve their anxiety

A Study on Body Image, Sexual Quality of Life, Depression, and Quality of Life in Middle-aged Adults

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the correlations of body image, sexual quality of life (SQOL), depression, and quality of life, and to identify the influencing factors on quality of life of middle-aged adults in the community. METHODS: The participants of this study were 367 middle-aged adults. Data were collected through personal interviews using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Body image, SQOL, depression, and quality of life according to the general characteristics and health-related characteristics commonly showed significant differences in age, level of education, duration of marriage, living arrangement, occupation, monthly income, presence of disease, exercise, stressor, frequency of sexual intercourse with spouse, and degree of deep sleep. Quality of life showed significant positive correlations with body image and SQOL, but a significantly negative correlation with depression. Body image, depression, education level, SQOL, and stressor, which accounted for 42.0% of the variance, were significant predictors influencing quality of life in middle-aged adults in the community. CONCLUSIONS: To improve quality of life in middle-aged adults ahead of old age, an assessment of their body image, depression, SQOL should be made and a variety of nursing interventions should be followed to improve their positive body image, depression, and SQOL.

A Study on the Stages of Change in Caregiver's Exercise Behavior / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the differences by the stages of change in exercise behaviors of caregivers based on Transtheoretical Model. METHODS: The subjects were consisted of randomly chosen 105 caregivers working in a nursing home. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and Duncan test using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. RESULTS: The results showed that in the stages of exercise behaviors, there were most participants in contemplation stage with 24.7%, followed by 22.8% in preparation, 21.9% maintenance, 19.0% action and 11.4% pre-contemplation. As for the process of change by the stages of change in exercise behaviors, it showed statistically significant differences in behavioral strategies (F=7.641, p<.001). In decisional balance, pros (F=0.66, p=.620) showed statistical significance, with higher pros in all stages except pre-contemplation. Self-efficacy was also statistically significant (F=6.25, p<.001), especially in the maintenance stage. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that in order to encourage caregivers to exercise, a strategic intervention to reinforce the process of change, recognition of positive decision-making and promotion of self-efficacy in exercise behaviors should be developed.

Development of a Stress Scale for Elderly Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate stress in elderly patients with coronary artery diseases (CAD) and to examine validity and reliability of the scale. METHODS: The development process for the preliminary scale included construction of a conceptual framework and initial items, verification of content analysis, sentence correction, and pilot study. This study was conducted using a questionnaire survey with one-to-one interviews during January and February, 2012. Participants were 240 elderly patients with CAD. Data were analyzed using item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency. RESULTS: The developed scale consisted of 32 items and 6 factors - aging and disease (7 items), family relations (5 items), anxiety and withdrawal (9 items), management of daily living (3 items), compliance of medical regimen (4 items), poverty and finance (4 items), and explained 68.5% of total variance. The scale had significantly positive correlation with the Korean Perceived Stress Scale (KPSS). Cronbach's alpha was .96, and Guttman split half coefficient was .91. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the Stress Scale for Elderly Patients with CAD has validity and reliability, and is a suitable scale in health care settings to assess stress in elderly patients with CAD.

A Study on the Stages of Change in Caregiver's Exercise Behavior / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the differences by the stages of change in exercise behaviors of caregivers based on Transtheoretical Model. METHODS: The subjects were consisted of randomly chosen 105 caregivers working in a nursing home. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA and Duncan test using IBM SPSS Statistics 19. RESULTS: The results showed that in the stages of exercise behaviors, there were most participants in contemplation stage with 24.7%, followed by 22.8% in preparation, 21.9% maintenance, 19.0% action and 11.4% pre-contemplation. As for the process of change by the stages of change in exercise behaviors, it showed statistically significant differences in behavioral strategies (F=7.641, p<.001). In decisional balance, pros (F=0.66, p=.620) showed statistical significance, with higher pros in all stages except pre-contemplation. Self-efficacy was also statistically significant (F=6.25, p<.001), especially in the maintenance stage. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that in order to encourage caregivers to exercise, a strategic intervention to reinforce the process of change, recognition of positive decision-making and promotion of self-efficacy in exercise behaviors should be developed.

A Comparative Study of Intermaxillary Fixation and Manual Reduction at Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Mandibular Fractures

Experimental Study of Osseointegration and Stability of Intentionally Exposed Hydroxyapatite Coating Implants

Guided Bone Regeneration Using a Putty-type Demineralized Bone Matrix: Case Report

Sepsis Developed from an Odontogenic Infection: Case Report

Orbital Abscess from Odontogenic Infection of Maxillary Molar: Case Report

Evaluation of Stability Following Two-Jaw Surgery

Excessive Bleeding after Implant Placement in the Anterior Mandible: Case Report

Factors Influencing Health-related Quality of Life in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the relationship of low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), depression, sexual function, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to identify factors influencing HRQoL in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) living in the community. METHODS: A total of 218 patients with BPH were recruited into the study. The data were collected by personal interviews using questionnaires and were analyzed with SPSS (version 17.0) computer program, and included descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The relationship between HRQoL and LUTS with depression had a significant negative correlation, whereas the relationship between HRQoL and sexual function had a significant positive correlation. Depression, age, LUTS, number of chronic disease, and excercise were found to be significant predictors (35.6%) of the Physical Component Summary of HRQoL. Depression, stress, smoking, LUTS, and sexual function were found to be significant predictors (48.2%) of the Mental Component Summary of HRQoL. CONCLUSION: To improve HRQoL of patients with BPH, nurses should focus on the factors identified in this study when doing nursing assessments, and should develop nursing intervention programs for BPH prevention and symptoms management in primary care settings.

Health Promotion Lifestyle According to Self-Perception of Obesity and Objective Status Measured by Bioelectric Impedance Analysis in College Women

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify congruence between self-perception and objective status of obesity according to %Fat, and to investigate health promotion lifestyle in college women. METHODS: The participants were a convenience sample of 392 college women who were eligible and agreed to participate in this study. Respondents were asked questions using a health promotion lifestyle profile and were evaluated for their body composition using InBody 3.0. The data were analyzed with SPSS 14.0 program, which was used for Chi square, ANOVA, and post-hoc comparison with Scheffe. RESULTS: The major findings were as follows; 1) Overall, 41.8% of participants misclassified their perceived status of weight by %Fat standards and kappa was 0.329. 2) Two percent were underweight by BMI but overweight by %Fat and 39.0% normal weight by BMI but overweight by %Fat. 3) There were significant differences in health promotion lifestyle according to self-perception of body weight but there was no difference in health promotion lifestyle according to %Fat standards. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the necessity for development and application of tailored health promotion program based on self-perception of body weight and %Fat in order to reform incorrect body image and health behavior in college women.

Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs (Phase III) on Cardiovascular and Cardiorespiratory Function of the Elderly with Myocardial Infarction / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the cardiac rehabilitation program (Phase III) on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory function in the elderly (age, > or = 60) who experienced acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: The design of research was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. Subjects were 10 people in the experimental group and 10 in the control group. The intervention program was the cardiac rehabilitation program (Phase III), and was performed for 50 ~ 60 minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks. The dependent variables were the cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory function. RESULTS: Significant differences were shown in RHR, RSBP, SRPP, SBS, BMI, PT of the experimental group after the intervention. As for the differences in the amount of changes, there were differences among groups in RHR, RSBP, SRPP, SBS, PMET, and PT of the experimental group. CONCLUSION: The cardiac rehabilitation program (Phase III) may be effective in improving cardiovascular function and enhancing cardiorespiratory function in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Factors Influencing Health Promoting Behavior of the Low-income Elderly Women in Urban / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify factors influencing health promotion behavior of the low-income elderly women in urban area. METHODS: The subjects of this study consisted of 389 the low-income Korean elderly women over 65 years. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, Stepwise Multiple Regression with SPSS/Win 12.0. RESULTS: 1) Activity limitation was found to have a statistically significant negative correlation. But self-rated health, self-esteem, and social support were found to have a statistically significant positive correlation with health promotion behavior 2) The factors influencing health promotion behavior were self-esteem, social support, activity limitation, self-rated health, pocket money, and religion. They accounted for 36.8% of the variance for health promotion behavior in the low-income elderly women living in urban area. The most powerful predictor was self-esteem(28.1%). CONCLUSION: This study showed that making a thorough assessment of the predictors influencing health promotion behavior in the low-income elderly women who remain vulnerable in diverse aspects is very important to minimize their health issues and to contribute their positive health promotion.

Influencing Factors for Fear of Falling in Degenerative Arthritis Patients / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among fear of falling, pain, anxiety and depression, and to identify influencing factors in elderly women patients with degenerative arthritis living in the community. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 297 elderly women patients with degenerative arthritis. Data was collected by personal interviews using questionnaires. Data was analyzed by the SPSS(version 12.0) computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: There was a significant difference (p= .000) in fear of falling according to the level of pain, anxiety, and depression. There was a significant positive correlation among fear of falling, pain, anxiety and depression. Depression, pain, number of medication, age, and anxiety showed significant predictors (43.5%) for fear of falling. CONCLUSION: This study suggested that thoroughly assessing predictors making an impact on fear of falling in the initial nursing assessment is the most important for falls prevention of elderly women patients with degenerative arthritis in the community.

Expression of transforming growth factor-1 in bone regeneration after the implantation of particulate dentin and plaster of paris

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the expression of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-1, in a rat calvarium defect model using particulate dentin and/or plaster of Paris, and correlate the bone regeneration process with the histologic events. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 animals each. A 1.0 cm-sized calvarial defects were made and the defect was filled with different graft materials as follows : Group A, the defects were filled with a mixture of particulate dentin and plaster of Paris with a 2:1 ratio; Group B, the defects were filled with plaster of Paris only; Group C, defects were filled with particulate dentin only; Group D, untreated control group. The animals were sacrificed by 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation. Excised wound tissues were processed for histology, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR for the analysis of TGF-1 expression. RESULTS: Gene expression of TGF-1 was detected for all experimental groups. The highest gene expression was observed in the specimen taken at the first week after implantation in Group A. According to the histologic and immunohistochemical studies, TGF- 1 positive osteoblast-like cells were found in the early stage of healing after the implantation of particulate dentin and plaster of Paris. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that TGF-1 may be related to new bone formation at the early healing process after the implantation of particulate dentin and plaster of Paris.

Experiences of Being Tied with Drugs in the Elderly Women in Community / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to understand elderly women within a community who have used lots of drugs. METHOD: Data was collected through in-depth interviews with four elderly women from April 2001 to February 2002. Data was analyzed by Giorgi's phenomenological method(2000). RESULTS: The components in common with drug usage of elderly women were as follows: 'Awareness of the limitation of physical strength and uncertainty of life', 'Dread of a crisis situation occurring', 'Attachment and dependency on drugs', 'Expectation of a comfortable life and death', 'Prevention of family burden', and 'Pursuit of psychological comfort'. The general structure of experiences was as follows: causal factors were 'Awareness of uncertainty and limitation', 'dread of a crisis situation occurring' the results factor was 'Attachment and dependency on drugs' and the facilitating factors were 'Expectation of a comfortable life and death', 'Prevention of family burden', and 'Pursuit of psychological comfort'. The causal relation was cyclic. This structure showed a realistic adaptation pattern. CONCLUSION: This study contributed to provide fundamental data for nursing interventions for health promotion and promoting quality of life in elderly women by increasing understanding of the experiences of drugs use.

A Comparison on Self-rated Health, Health Status, and Health Promotion Behaviors between Low income and Non-low income Elderly Women / 성인간호학회지

PUEPOSE: This study was conducted to compare self-rated health, health status, and health promotion behaviors between non-low income and low income elderly women in the urban setting. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 668 Korean elderly women over 65years. The data was analyzed by the SAS(ver.8.02) computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, chi-square-test, analysis of covariance, pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: 1) The non-low income elderly women had significantly higher scores(self-rated health, health status, and health promotion behavior) than the low income elderly women. 2) In low income elderly women, age, number of children were the main effect factors of health status, and level of education, burden of medical expense were the main effect factors of health promotion behaviors. In non-low income elderly women, number of children was the main effect factors of health status, and level of education, level of pocket money were the main effect factors of health promotion behaviors. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the establishment of a health care system for elderly according to their social-economic level is very important for providing productive care apposite to the situation of elderly.